As someone who’s spent over a decade immersed in the American outdoors – guiding hunts, leading backpacking trips, and simply observing wildlife – I’ve developed a deep fascination with the wild turkey. And central to understanding these magnificent birds is learning their language. Specifically, mastering the wild turkey hen mating call is crucial, whether you’re a seasoned hunter aiming to lure in a tom, or a dedicated birdwatcher hoping to observe natural turkey behavior. This guide will break down the nuances of the hen mating call, including the often-overlooked squealing hen call, providing you with the knowledge and techniques to effectively replicate these sounds and deepen your connection with this iconic species.
Most people associate turkeys with the booming gobble of the male, but the hen’s vocal repertoire is far more complex and critical for communication. Hens use a variety of calls to attract mates, signal danger, and maintain flock cohesion. The hen mating call isn’t a single sound, but rather a series of clucks, purrs, and yelps that build in intensity. Understanding the context of these calls is just as important as replicating them accurately. According to the National Wild Turkey Federation (NWTF), hens adjust their calls based on their receptivity to mating and the presence of other hens. (https://www.nwtf.org/)
Let's dissect the key elements that make up a convincing wild turkey hen mating call:
There are several ways to reproduce the hen mating call, each with its own learning curve. I’ve personally found success with a combination of methods.
Diaphragm calls, also known as mouth calls, are considered the most versatile and realistic option. They require practice to master, but allow for a wide range of sounds and subtle nuances. REI Expert Advice offers excellent tutorials on using diaphragm calls. (https://www.rei.com/learn/expert-advice/turkey-calling.html) The key is to control airflow and tongue pressure to create the different components of the call. Start by practicing individual clucks and purrs before attempting the full mating sequence.
Box calls are easier to learn than diaphragm calls, making them a good starting point for beginners. They produce a clear, resonant sound that carries well. However, they are less versatile and can be more difficult to control in windy conditions. The technique involves striking the paddle against the box to create the desired sound. Varying the pressure and angle of the strike will produce different tones.
Slate calls offer a balance between versatility and ease of use. They involve striking a peg against a slate surface to create the sound. They are more responsive than box calls but require more practice than box calls to achieve realistic results.
Often overlooked, the squealing hen call is a powerful tool for triggering a gobbler’s competitive instinct. This call mimics the sound of a hen being harassed by a gobbler, creating a sense of urgency and prompting other gobblers to challenge the dominant bird. It’s a high-pitched, raspy sound that’s best used sparingly. Overuse can actually deter gobblers. The USDA Forest Service provides resources on turkey behavior that can help you understand when to use this call effectively. (https://www.fs.usda.gov/wildlife/birds/wild-turkey)
The squealing hen call is best replicated with a diaphragm call, as it requires precise control of airflow and tongue pressure. It’s a short, sharp, and raspy sound, almost like a distressed cluck. Practice creating this sound by constricting your throat slightly while using the diaphragm call. Listen to recordings of actual squealing hens to get a feel for the correct tone and rhythm.
A realistic hen mating sequence typically involves a combination of clucks, purrs, yelps, and cutts. Here’s a basic sequence to practice:
Remember to vary the sequence and adjust it based on the response you receive. If a gobbler is responding, continue calling intermittently to keep him interested. If he’s not responding, try changing your location or adjusting your calling technique.
As outdoor professionals and enthusiasts, we have a responsibility to practice ethical and sustainable hunting and observation. Leave No Trace principles (https://lnt.org/) should always be followed. Here are a few key considerations:
Mastering the wild turkey hen mating call is only part of the equation. Learning to read turkey body language is equally important. Pay attention to the following cues:
By combining accurate calling techniques with a keen understanding of turkey behavior, you’ll significantly increase your chances of success, whether you’re hunting or simply enjoying the beauty of these remarkable birds. I encourage you to continue learning and refining your skills, and to always prioritize ethical and responsible outdoor practices.